A research experience for teachers (RET) with concurrent support for lesson design

The ToxinLab project builds on the traditional RET approach by merging a technical research experience that unfolds in our lab with a lesson co-design process that involves sustained collaborations between scientists and teachers. Our RET model also incorporates a citizen science component that provides exciting new opportunities for teachers and students in coastal communities to make meaningful contributions to regional marine biotoxin monitoring programs.

Harmful algal blooms periodically occur in coastal waters when certain environmental factors lead to an explosive growth of microscopic marine algae (phytoplankton). Toxic compounds produced by some groups of phytoplankton make their way through the marine food web and eventually accumulate in organisms that are consumed by people and animals like sea lions, dolphins, and seabirds. Ingestion of seafood containing these naturally occurring biotoxins can produce life-threatening illnesses in both humans and animals by impairing vital nervous system functions or permanently damaging nerve cells in certain regions of the brain. To reduce the human health risks of microalgal toxins, various public agencies have developed programs and partnerships to track the geographic location of harmful algal blooms, monitor the abundance of certain phytoplankton species in ocean water samples, and detect the presence of specific biotoxins in shellfish and other types of seafood that is commercially and recreationally harvested from the ocean for human consumption.

Our collaborative team of neuroscientists and teachers is currently designing an NGSS-responsive instructional unit for high school life science courses that is organized around marine biotoxins and their impacts on human nervous system function and brain health. Throughout the interdisciplinary unit, students will explore two serious and potentially lethal foodborne illnesses caused by ingestion of marine biotoxins in contaminated seafood: amnesic shellfish poisoning and paralytic shellfish poisoning. Students will be introduced to these biomedical (anchoring) phenomena through semi-fictitious case reports of humans and sea lions that exhibited neurological and other clinical symptoms following harmful algal blooms observed in US and Canadian waters. As the unit unfolds in the science classroom, students will work together to investigate the organisms and agents that caused the symptoms displayed by human and animal subjects. They will also explore how microalgal toxins affect the activity and health of nerve cells by acting upon different membrane receptors involved in transmitting electrochemical impulses through the nervous system. As students progress through this multidisciplinary research experience, they will interpret real data adapted from peer-reviewed research articles and technical reports, and obtain scientific information from authoritative databases to make a number of key discoveries. Students will gradually assimilate their discoveries into a conceptual model that explains the neurological symptoms exhibited by case report subjects. During the concluding segment of the unit, students will explore the important role that public health agencies play in minimizing the risk of naturally occurring marine biotoxins to human health. They will also perform hands-on field and laboratory work that enables them to make valuable contributions to statewide and regional biotoxin surveillance programs.

Executive Director
Integrative Biosciences Program at Coastal Marine Biolabs
Ventura Harbor, CA

Scientific Director
Integrative Biosciences Program at Coastal Marine Biolabs
Ventura Harbor, CA

Director of Research Development
Rockman et al Cooperative Inc.
Berkeley, CA

Maggie Deagon, M.Ed.
Research Associate
Rockman et al Cooperative Inc.
Berkeley, CA

College, Career, and Media Center Coordinator
Foothill Technology High School
Ventura, CA

Environmental Management Branch, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Los Angeles Unified School District

Ventura County Office of Education